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Sep 8, 2010
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Published on Mar 5, 2010
Clifty Creek Water Quality Tests Dramatically Better An environmental problem years in the making has been successfully remedied according to the Clifty Creek Watershed Project. The result is the removal of its designation as impaired waters by the Indiana Department of Environmental Management. Bacteria from manure spreading, pasturing of livestock, leaking, and failing septic systems, and wildlife, had polluted lower Clifty Creek for years. Based on data collected from water quality sampling, the Indiana Department of Environmental Management (IDEM) added one waterbody/segment of lower Clifty Creek to Indiana's 2002 Clean Water Act (CWA) section 303(d) list of impaired waters for Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. Using CWA section 319 funds, project partners educated stakeholders about sound agricultural management and installed best management practices (BMPs) throughout the watershed. Recent monitoring data show that the lower Clifty Creek segment meets water quality standards for bacteria, resulting in IDEM proposing to remove the segment from the state's 2010 CWA section 303(d) list of impaired waters. Problem The Lower Clifty Creek watershed lies within mostly agricultural areas of south-central Indiana in Bartholomew County, just southeast of the City of Columbus. This portion of Clifty Creek (8.12 miles in length) is the last watershed before Clifty Creek joins the East Fork White River. Upstream of this segment are two smaller streams, Sloan Branch and an unnamed tributary from the Columbus reservoir, that contribute to Clifty Creek and influence the lower segment of Clifty Creek. In 2002, IDEM sampled water quality in this section of the state to determine if waterbodies were impaired for bacteria and which ones would require a total maximum daily load (TMDL) report. Data revealed levels of E. coli that exceeded both the single sample and geomean water quality standards for bacteria, resulting in the listing of this segment on the 2002 CWA section 303(d) list. IDEM identified nonpoint source runoff as the main contributor of E. coli. Key bacteria sources in the watershed include manure spreading, pasturing of livestock, leaking and failing septic systems, and wildlife. Point sources of E. coli in the basins include three small community wastewater treatment plants, none of which has a history of violations, further supporting IDEM's assertion that nonpoint sources caused the E. coli impairments. Project Highlights IDEM funded, using CWA section 319 funds, three projects in the greater Clifty Creek watershed. These projects resulted in the locally-led development of a comprehensive watershed management plan, identification of critical areas and needed actions, and targeting of resources to the installation of BMPs designed to improve water quality. Water quality improvement projects began in 2003 and continue through 2009. Allocated Section 319 grant funds total $1,088,175.00, with an additional $532,742.00 contributed as local match for all projects. Specifically, the Bartholomew County Soil and Water Conservation District (SWCD) received a grant in 2003 to develop the Clifty Creek Watershed Plan and two additional grants in 2005 and 2007 to implement the plan through the installation of BMPs, coordination of other partner water quality improvement activities, and outreach/education. Map 1 illustrates the locations of BMPs installed using section 319 grant funds. BMPs were installed or implemented on almost 10% of the surface area of the Lower Clifty Creek sub-watershed. These BMPs include prescribed grazing, pasture and hayland planting, heavy use area protection for livestock, residue management using no-till and green manure crop cover, alternate watering facilities as well as use exclusions with fencing and stream crossings for livestock. Nutrient management plans were also developed for several farm operations. Also shown are locations throughout the greater Clifty Creek watershed where water quality data was collected by IDEM, the US Geological Survey, and volunteers from the Clifty Creek Watershed Project. Results In 2007, IDEM assessed the water quality in the larger Clifty Creek watershed to determine if a TMDL was still needed. Results from that survey indicated that E. coli levels have dropped sufficiently in lower Clifty Creek to warrant the removal of the 2002 303(d) listed segment of Clifty Creek watershed from the 303(d) list. This delisting will occur in 2010. Table 1 summarizes this information: ![]() Partners and Funding The Bartholomew County SWCD closely worked with the Decatur County SWCD, the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) regional conservation staff, and a number of local and state partners including: Indiana Department of Natural Resources; Indiana State Department of Agriculture (ISDA); Hope Hardwoods; Bartholomew County Cattleman’s Association; Strand Associates; Bartholomew County and Decatur County health departments; kidsCommons Children’s Museum; Hoosier River Watch; Indiana Project WET; Southside, Rockcreek and LF Smith Elementary Schools; Columbus East High School; Sand Creek Watershed Project; Friends of the Muscatatuck River Society; Indiana-Purdue University Columbus; and Columbus City Utilities. Partners contributed resources to support education and outreach to stakeholders, water quality monitoring, and technical support for the installation of BMPs. Considerable funds and technical resources have been focused within the larger Clifty Creek watershed. For example, the Decatur County SWCD has received $70,000.00 in Clean Water Indiana (CWI) grants and approximately $18,000.00 in Emergency Conservation Assistance Program (ECAP) grants from the Indiana State Department of Agriculture for water quality improvement projects. The Bartholomew County SWCD received $70,000.00 in CWI grants and approximately $87,400 in ECAP grants for similar projects. The NRCS, working with SWCDs and the watershed project, provided general technical support to producers managing over 106,000 acres in the larger Clifty Creek watershed from 2003 through 2009. Additionally, NRCS’s Environmental Quality Improvements Program supported water quality improvement projects on 46,729 acres, which included nutrient management plans covering 15,562 acres, pest management plans for 13,701 acres, and 8,745 acres of residue management. Also, NRCS’s Conservation Reserve Program supported the creation of 54 acres of riparian zones, 185 acres of grassed waterways, and 152 acres in filter strips. Comments: Submit Your Comment:
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